Law360 Canada ( December 24, 2025, 9:35 AM EST) -- Appeal by the accused from conviction for seven offences following a street encounter with police in Winnipeg. The accused was observed by two officers using an angle grinder on a BMX-style bicycle in a high-crime area. The officers approached and questioned him, suspecting bicycle theft. A brief conversation ensued, during which the accused claimed to have purchased the bicycle for $100 and used it for transportation. The officers found his explanation implausible given the bicycle’s modifications for trick riding and his large stature. The accused began to walk away but was arrested for theft under $5,000 and possession of property obtained by crime. A search of his backpack revealed a sawed-off rifle, ammunition, and break-in tools. He also attempted to impersonate his brother to avoid detection due to outstanding warrants. At trial, the accused challenged the admissibility of the evidence under ss. 8, 9, and 10(b) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (Charter), arguing he was psychologically detained before arrest, that the arrest lacked reasonable and probable grounds, and that the search was unlawful. The trial judge found no Charter breach and admitted the evidence, leading to convictions. On appeal, the accused narrowed his arguments to whether psychological detention occurred at the time when the street encounter began and whether the arrest was lawful under s. 495(1)(a) of the Criminal Code (Code)....