Law360 Canada ( October 8, 2026, 9:41 AM EDT) -- Appeal by Cavanagh from the judgment finding that her negligence caused Ibrahimova’s damages. Ibrahimova was 28 years old and in the second trimester of her first pregnancy. She was seen by Cavanagh, a family physician who occasionally worked in the emergency department. At 17 weeks, the fetus was not yet viable. Cavanagh recorded that Ibrahimova had a “[g]ush of fluid” and that Ibrahimova showed her a pad with “straw coloured fluid.” Cavanagh thought that this was likely amniotic fluid. She discharged Ibrahimova with a final diagnosis of “threatened abortion.” She advised Ibrahimova to “watch and wait.” Ibrahimova was in septic shock. She sustained catastrophic injuries because of the sepsis. Cavanagh did not challenge the trial judge’s finding that she was negligent. The first ground of appeal was that the trial judge made findings of fact relevant to causation absent evidence that could ground them. The second ground was that the trial judge invented a new standard of obstetrical care. The third ground was that the trial judge misapplied the law of adverse inference. The fourth ground was that the trial judge’s approach to causation reversed the onus of proof....